Scientific collaboration between Professor Marco Toscani and Dr. Pasquale Fino, Chair of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Umberto I Health Center – “Sapienza” University of Rome.
With the term Telogen Defluvium we mean a modest, not excessive, loss of hair in the telogen phase, but which tends to often be irreversible, with the precise characteristics of hair in decay or involution. The hair that falls out is usually short and fine, with bulbs that are undeveloped and reduced in size.
Telogen Defluvium is nothing other than Androgenetic Defluvium (pattern hair loss).
With Telogen Defluvium the number of hairs lost does not exceed 100. With the pull test only two or three hairs at most are usually obtained. This means that due to the defluvium, the anagen phase has become temporally shorter (compared to its usually length), thus reducing the ability of hair follicles to sustain hair growth.
An alteration of the trichogram is almost non-existent with a number of hair in the anagen phase at around 80% due to a temporal reduction of the anagen phase of the hair follicle.
Due to a very short anagen phase, between 10% and 60% of fallen hair are short, thin and with bulbs that have a very thin diameter. They are moreover located on the surface of the dermis compared to hair that has a normal growth cycle. This hair is in between terminal hair and vellus hair.
It is included among hair in the involution phase with a short anagen phase and therefore is considered like hair in the premature telogen phase which falls out before its time. It is short and thin because it does not have time to develop (short anagen phase), it appears small and involute after a very short anagen phase and is characteristic of this form of hair loss. The follicle remains histologically present for a long time, even if it is not as deep and contains a hair that is increasingly involute. Only very late does this hair go towards hyalinosis.
This is a pathological process that may manifest in various bodily structures, characterized by the intra- and extra-cellular accumulation of material, called hyaliane, which damages the structure and function of the affected areas, resulting in progressive atrophy. The hair loss resulting from this is similar to a scarring form with loss of the skin adnexa.
We can distinguish between an acute form of Telogen Defluvium (very intense and characterized by a temporary loss of hair) and a chronic form of Telogen Defluvium (a modest type with a constant loss of hair).
In men common causes of Telogen Defluvium are both pattern hair loss (chronic telogen defluvium) and male frontoparietal alopecia (chronic telogen defluvium).
Instead, in women common causes of Telogen Defluvium are more numerous. Among them we note: pattern hair loss from drugs (acute telogen defluvium), post-menopause hair loss (acute telogen defluvium), hair loss from androgen secreting tumors (acute telogen defluvium), hereditary hair loss (chronic telogen defluvium), polycystic ovary hair loss, congenital adrenal hyperplasia hair loss (acute telogen defluvium), hair loss from anorexia nervosa (acute telogen defluvium) and lastly hair loss from hyperprolactinemia (acute telogen defluvium).
Female hair loss is a common form of non-scarring hair loss, characterized by the progressive loss of hair in the forehead and crown regions, resulting in visible thinning. Unlike male hair loss, female hair loss in the affected areas is usually incomplete and the occipital area is generally spared.
Dandruff is a scalp condition that usually arises between the ages of 10 and 25. It may improve between the ages of 45 and 55 or may continue during old age.
Its cause is a result of an accelerated turnover of epidermal cells, which following an increase in migration speed, are unable to reach complete maturity before detaching. Whitish-yellow flakes (masses of corneum cells) form and detach, gathering in patches or often spreading evenly across the scalp.
Recent studies have demonstrated that around one in five young men tend to lose their hair prematurely over time.
This problem does not affect only young men but also young women.
In the majority of cases, it is androgenetic alopecia (pattern hair loss) and therefore is hereditary/genetic. However, it is important to remember that often factors of psychological origin like performance anxiety, trauma and emotional stress take over, thereby becoming a source and cause of hair loss from stress.
Seborrheic dermatitis is a very common scalp condition characterized by the presence of yellow and oily flakes on the skin.
It is associated with erythema, small scaly, and intense itching.
Seborrheic dermatitis is a well-known condition but is still not easily identifiable. Many men and women starting from puberty have oily, greasy, shiny and thickened skin with large hair follicles, especially noticeable around the nose and mouth, forehead, torso, scalp (affected by so-called oily dandruff).
With the term Telogen Defluvium we mean a modest, not excessive, loss of hair in the telogen phase, but which tends to often be irreversible, with the precise characteristics of hair in decay or involution. The hair that falls out is usually short and fine, with bulbs that are undeveloped and reduced in size.
The term Telogen Effluvium was introduced for the first time by Kligman (*) in 1961 to introduce an acute hair loss of benign origin that follows an intense and short period of stress of different types. Subsequently, Rebora (**) introduced the concept of chronic Telogen Effluvium.
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